The Status and Prospects of Community Education Workers in China

Professionalization, career development prospects, and social value are the three basic components of the status and prospects of community education workers, which influence their choice to continue their careers or not. In China, these problems are complex and lacking in systematic research, and the current situation does not meet the needs of community education. This study interviewed 24 community workers regarding their salaries, working conditions, and training and career advancement opportunities to evaluate this situation in Ningbo City. The findings highlight challenges in the evaluation processes and work motivations of community education workers, including teams without professional knowledge, lack of training opportunities, unsupportive policies, and low salaries. These findings can be used by governments and community workers to find collaborative ways to facilitate community education processes, including the provision of adult education for community educators. New legal policies to raise the status of community educators are also suggested

Postoperative UFT-/Tegafur-based Chemotherapy Versus Postoperative Radiotherapy for Early-stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer：A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Background: Both of UFT-/Tegafur-based postoperative chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy have made large progress in treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. While it is unclear that, whether UFT-/Tegafur-based postoperative chemotherapy is superior to postoperative radiotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer with no direct evidence. Methods: Electronic databases (Pubmed, embase, cochrane library and clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to obtain relevant studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis is reported in accordance with the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Statement and was registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (number CRD42018095979). Sensitive analysis was conducted by excluding overweight studies. Funnel plot and egger’s test were performed to conduct publication bias. Results: Twenty-one randomized control trials were included. Our results suggested UFT-/Tegafur-based postoperative chemotherapy could improve overall survival over postoperative radiotherapy [HR=0.69 (0.59-0.80), p=0.000]. But subgroup analysis about stage showed there was no significant difference between them, no matter of stageⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ. As to chemotherapy regime, both UFT-/Tegafur + platinum+vinca alkaloid [HR=0.68 (0.56-0.82), p=0.000] and UFT-/Tegafur only [HR=0.66 (0.54-0.79), p=0.000] were superior to radiotherapy. Subgroup analysis about radiotherapy delivery method and dose showed, significant improvement of chemotherapy over radiotherapy for Cobalt-60 only [HR=0.54 (0.39-0.75), p=0.000], Cobalt-60 and linac [HR=0.69 (0.59-0.81), p=0.000] and ≥45 Gy [HR=0.64 (0.54-0.75), p=0.000], but not for linac only [HR=0.78 (0.60-1.03), p=0.081] and ＜45 Gy [HR=0.86 (0.67-1.11), p=0.241]. Conclusion: UFT-/Tegafur-based postoperative chemotherapy was superior to postoperative radiotherapy for improving overall survival of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, but it is not always so under certain circumstance, such as RT delivery method and radiation dose. Of course, it is imperative to further explore differences in specific stage, such as ⅠA and ⅠB

PM2.5 Concentrations Indoors and Outdoors in Heavy Air Pollution Days in Winter

AbstractThe epidemiological studies have indicated that PM2.5 can increase morbidity and mortality, damage the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system, and affect the immune function. The objectives of this study are to understand PM2.5 pollution status in the households when the heavy air pollution occurs in the winter and the correlation of indoor PM2.5 pollution with outdoor, and to find out the effect of indoor human activities on the changes of indoor PM2.5 concentrations. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured using CLH-2000 portable PM2.5 detector in the four households in December 7-8, 2013. When sampling indoors, the pattern of activity questionnaire was completed. The results showed that the average of indoor PM2.5 concentration is in the range of 112-416μg/m3, and the pollution level is more serious at 4 homes in Beijing in winter. Outdoor pollution, human activities and behaviors are the sources of indoor PM2.5 at homes. Human activities (cooking, smoking and cleaning) have more contribution to indoor PM2.5 than outdoor pollution. In general, the effect of indoor human activities on PM2.5 concentration is stronger than outdoor pollution and air cleaner

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: Differentiation Patterns and Immunohistochemical Features - A Mini-Review and Our New Findings

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) represent a group of highly heterogeneous human malignancies often with multiple histological origins, divergent differentiation patterns, and diverse immunohistochemical presentations. The differential diagnosis of MPNST from other spindle cell neoplasms poses great challenges for pathologists. This report provides a mini-review of these unique features associated with MPNST and also presents the first cases of MPNST with six differentiation patterns